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In most West African countries, men are the
senior healers who handle life-threatening
medical situations, choosing western or
traditional healing techniques. But women
manage reproductive health, particularly
birth, and make child health decisions.
"And in all cases of illness, women
perform some mediating role with respect to
health care," says Mary Ann Dzuback, director
of the Women, Gender and Sexuality Studies
(WGSS) program. "So if you are trying to do
research on health issues in a developing
country, you have to understand how power
is distributed by gender in decision-making
within local families."
Gender is also a key aspect of St. Louis
health care issues: breast cancer and
HIV/AIDS, among others. That means it is
also important to Washington University
scholars who deal with these problems. Within
the Department of Anthropology are medical
anthropologists including Carolyn Sargent,
whose specialty is gender and health in global
and transnational contexts. The School of
Medicine has an active epidemiology research
program. And the George Warren Brown
School of Social Work has a new Institute for
Public Health that grapples with community
health concerns.
How to draw all those working on gender-
related issues into one institutional initiative
that would foster research and program
development? Dzuback and Sargent decided
that Arts & Sciences, with its potential for
interdisciplinary connections, would be the
perfect venue for this community of scholars.
Those already engaged in these issues would
have an exciting framework for discussion,
and they could provide other clinical and
research programs, not yet informed by
gender theory and analysis, with theoretical
underpinnings that would enrich their work.
"We have the theoretical foundations
and the interdisciplinary approaches, as well
as social science-based empirical research,
for a lot of public health problems," says
Dzuback, associate professor of education,
history and WGSS. "We also have well-
known and respected feminist and gender
theorists in the humanities and social sciences."
The fact that WGSS is based in Arts &
Sciences distinguishes it from any other such
efforts in the country. At other universities,
much of the teaching and research on health
issues take place in public health and medical
programs -- many of which offer little in the
way of feminist and gender analysis.
In consultation with James Wertsch,
director of the McDonnell International
Scholars Academy, Dzuback, Sargent and
other interested faculty members also
decided to build on existing institutional
relationships and create a working group of
schools around the world. Soon they had
identified three: The Tata Institute of Social
Sciences in Mumbai, India; the School of
Public Health at Fudan University in
Shanghai, China; and the College of Public
Health Sciences at Chulalongkorn University
in Bangkok, Thailand.
To explore collaboration with these
scholars, the Washington University organizers
planned to hold a multi-year "Gender,
Sexuality and Health" seminar series that
would convene at Washington University.
The first seminar, held in February 2010,
had a keynote speaker: Carole Browner,
professor in the Center for Culture and
Health at the UCLA School of Medicine, who
talked about "Gender, Reproduction and
Health: Transnational Perspectives."
"Arts & Sciences Dean Gary Wihl has been
enthusiastic about the development of the
initiative. His generous support of the seminars
in spring 2010 was critical," says Dzuback.
During the May seminar, Dzuback, Sargent
and their colleagues will begin to explore
program models for the four institutions
involved, enlarging their group to include
humanists from Washington University and
abroad. Eventually, they hope to expand their
collaborative research and foster scholarly
exchanges of faculty and graduate students.
They want to link their work more closely
with the McDonnell Academy's developing
focus on global health, and explore the
possibility of a university-based center
dedicated to these issues.
The key organizers of these planning
efforts will continue to be the medical
anthropology program and WGSS, which was
founded in 1972 as one of the earliest such
programs in the nation. In undergraduate
courses and in a graduate certificate program,
students examine the effect of gender on
such areas as literature, art, history, political
structures, social relations, health and
economic institutions.
This new seminar series and subsequent
work will extend the work of WGSS and
related programs. "We're aiming our efforts
at people who are doing research related to
these problems," says Dzuback, "and what
they need to know about gender and feminist
research in order to do the research that they
want to do in the most effective way possible."
Gender and Health:
A New Research-Focused Initiative
"...to do research on health
issues in a developing
country, you have to understand how power is distributed by gender..."
Mary Ann Dzuback
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